![]() JosephDuBose Sonata Major, Hob XVI: 46 (Divertimento) in A-flat Franz Joseph Haydn This time a coda is appended to the end of the movement where up-and-down scales over a steady bass rising up the A flat major scale build up the energy that is released in the flurry of notes that close the sonata. Instead of the more usual rondo, or even sonata-rondo, Haydn has here selected yet another sonata form as the structure of the movement. Lastly, the finale, though the liveliest movement of the sonata, presents itself with supple charm. However, both themes throughout the recapitulation are differently treated and moderately expanded. After the close of the exposition in the dominant key, the first theme is taken up again in the same key with the second theme following later in the tonic. ![]() ![]() The movement, in part, adopts the Baroque sonata form. Alternating between three- and four-part counterpoint, each voice takes on takes on a life of its own, interacting and complementing each of the others. It opens with a flowing melodic line especially marked espressivo, which is immediately repeated with an added countermelody. The middle Adagio in D flat major takes on a more contrapuntal texture than the other movements. In general, composers of the Classical period sought a closer balance between the exposition and the development/recapitulation-a vestige of the old Baroque sonata and its binary form origins. The development section is quite lengthy and actually occupies one measure more than the entire exposition. The first movement, marked Allegro moderato, is a full-fledged sonata form. Interestingly, each of the three movements is written in some variant of sonata form. As is usual, Haydn’s writing throughout is quite ornamental with numerous brilliant scales and arpeggios. 31, like nearly all of Haydn’s other sonatas, bears the alternate title of "Divertimento." Set in the serene key of A flat major, the entire sonata has a peculiar peacefulness about it-even the Presto finale does not fully abandon the graceful lyricism that predominates the sonata. Composed in the late 1760s, the Piano Sonata No. ![]()
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